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Paul Leblang was a Senior Vice-President, Director of Marketing at Saks Fifth Avenue from 1975-1990. In 1979, he was elected to the Retail Advertising Hall of Fame by the Retail Advertising Conference and was named Retail Man of the Year. He is a recipient of a Silver Medal from the National Retail Merchants Association, and the 1993 Edward Mayer Jr. Award from the Direct Marketing Association. He holds a Ph.D. and MBA from New York University Graduate School of Business Administration and served as an adjunct Professor at the Fashion Institute of Technology.

Paul Winston runs Winston Tailors and Chipp Neckwear, who's clients included John F. Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, and The Thin Man's Peter Lawford.

In the fashion industry, Gary Wassner, CEO of Hilldun Corporation, known as the company behind many of Seventh Avenue’s most prestigious fashion companies, has provided financing and factoring for many of America’s and the world’s most iconic designer labels. Willi Smith, Derek Lam, Jason Wu, Maria Cornejo, Yeohlee, C.C. Greene, Isabel Marant, Golden Goose, Rebecca Taylor, Tommy Hilfiger, Naeem Kahn, Jonathan Simkhai, Victor Glemaud, Vivienne Westwood, Sacai, John Elliot, Fear of God, Mara Hoffman, Thom Browne, Betsey Johnson and Marc Jacobs are only a few of fashion’s finest that have benefitted from his discerning eyes and business acumen.

Named one of Fashionista’s 50 Most Influential People in Fashion, Gary is also an advisory board member of Fordham Law School’s Fashion Law Institute, a board member of FGI, an instructor for the DENYC program, a board member of the High School of Fashion Industries, a member of FIT’s Social Justice Advisory Council, and a passionate supporter of all causes related to the Fashion Industry in NYC and globally.

In addition to being a force in the fashion industry, he is a well-respected fiction writer and children’s book author. Wassner resides in New York with his wife Cathy and his extended family.

The three-time Coty award-winning designer Stan Herman is truly a pioneering man. Not only was he the President of the Council of Fashion Designers of America for sixteen years, but also the founding president of 7th on Sixth Corporation; New York City Fashion week, for seven years. With KOMAR, Stan has incorporated his ready-to-wear design savvy to become America’s foremost designer of robes and loungewear.

His comfortable, lifestyle driven products can be found on QVC, QVCUK, QVCItaly. After 24 years on air he has built a return customer base of over 300,000 people and has sold over $100 million worth of robes alone. Furthermore as the leading uniform designer in the world his uniforms arguably cover more bodies than any other single designer.

As a pioneer in the industry, Stan popularized "fashion at a price" with his Mr. Mort label; a label sought by vintage collectors today. When most designers were relegated to backrooms, he served as a spokesman for the creative side of the industry, championing designer names on labels, and watching out for the good of his colleagues. He was on the vanguard of designer boutiques with Saks Fifth Avenue, and in-store designer partnerships with Henri Bendel.

Mr. Herman popularized the Designer Uniform. His list of corporate clients has included many of the world's leading corporations. FedEx, Jet Blue, United Airlines, TWA, U.S. Airways McDonald's, and Amtrak, Avis, Humana, RCCL, and Securitas along with Las Vegas Hotels including Paris, MGM Grand, and Monte Carlo. He did the latest designs for the newly re-opened Regency Hotel as well as the rest of the Loews Hotel system. He has also redesigned the next look for FedEx and the new JetBlue uniform.

Historically, he presented the first walking shorts to the corporate world, and the first knitted shirts to meet the quality demands of uniform wearability. As a leader in innovation, he keeps his programs at the forefront by using technologically advanced fabrics and following the consumers’ interests from a retail standpoint to make sure that the uniform is in line with not only what an employee expects his clothing to be but anticipate the next generation of fit and comfort. The branding positions of accounts such as FedEx have benefited from the studios blending of ready-to-wear clothing with the needs of uniform apparel.

As President of the CFDA, Stan was instrumental in their humanitarian fund raising efforts as well. The launch of "Fashion Targets Breast Cancer" and ongoing efforts, have raised millions for research. Additionally, under his direction, the CFDA has been a leader in benefiting education and fighting AIDS. He sits on the boards of both The Garment District Bid, and the Bryant Park Corporation.

He has been honored with the CFDA’s most prestigious lifetime achievement award for his advancement of American Fashion, as well as Lifetime recognition from the Dallas Market for his career in fashion, and GMHC for his pioneering efforts in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

QVC (Quality Value Convenience) Inc. is the nation's largest electronic retailer, selling a wide variety of merchandise that includes clothing, jewelry, cosmetics, electronics, housewares, and toys. The company sells its products through cable and satellite television, QVC.com, in outlet centers, and via a retail store in the Mall of America. In 2003, the company broadcasted live 24 hours a day, 364 days a year, to over 85 million homes across the United States, 11 million homes in the United Kingdom, 34 million homes in Germany, and over eight million homes in Japan. QVC, which stands for "Quality, Value, and Convenience," grew quickly into an industry powerhouse during the late 1980s and early 1990s due to increases in cable subscription rates, consumers' growing dependence on mail-order shopping, and advances in telecommunications, allowing the company, with its interactive approach, to integrate computers, television, cable, and telephone lines into an "information superhighway." In 2002, QVC handled over 150 million phone calls and shipped over 107 million items.

The Bowery Mission Men's Center at Avenue D currently offers transitional housing for formerly homeless men who graduate from The Bowery Mission's residential recovery program. In the near future, the Men's Center will also offer long-term residential recovery programming for men, which will include comprehensive services such as life skills training, vocational training, mentoring, counseling, recovery services, recreation, pastoral care, and housing support upon exit.

Since 1893, “The Hephzibah House and Bible Training School” has been home in New York City. How the name Hephzibah was selected is not known. However, as the Christ-centered program unfolded, the description from Isaiah seems to have made the choice appropriate. “Thou shalt be called Hephzibah… for the LORD delighteth in thee” (Isaiah 62:4, KJV).

Three objectives were cited for the organization. The first objective was to provide a school for working young ladies to receive instruction in the Bible along with industrial training and training in Christian work.

Hephzibah House was later expanded to provide temporary lodging for visiting missionaries and Christian workers in New York City. The final objective was to provide a place where people visiting New York City, in order to pursue Christian work, could take a course in Bible study and find accommodations at moderate prices.

The Presbyterian Church in Leonia was formally established on February 15,1899, when 48 members of the Leonia True Dutch Reformed Church braved a heavy snowstorm to meet with representatives of the former Presbytery of Jersey City. The members split from the Reformed Church because they wanted to allow Christians from other denominations to participate in communion with them. The Rev. James Wyckoff was the first pastor.Initially the Church owned no land; in December of 1899, a gift of the land the Church still stands on was given by Mrs. Harriet Gladwin Walker. Two years later, our sanctuary opened for worship.

The Bowery Mission provides caring and safe Residential Programs for women in crisis to achieve personal goals for life and work, heal from past trauma, and overcome barriers to independent living. All women are invited into a faith-based community committed to practicing hospitality, showing respect, and restoring hope.

Rebecca Matheson is a fashion historian and an adjunct instructor in FIT’s MA Program in Fashion and Textile studies: History, Theory, Museum Practice. Matheson’s research focuses on nineteenth-and twentieth-century American women’s dress, using interdisciplinary approaches to discover women’s narratives as designers, makers, sellers, and consumers. Her recent projects have dealt with millinery, leather goods, advertising, teenage fashion, and dress for long-distance train travel. She is the author of two monographs, The Sunbonnet: an American Icon in Texas (2009) and Young Originals: Emily Wilkens and the Teen Sophisticate (2015). Matheson holds an MA in Fashion and Textile Studies from FIT, a JD from the University of Texas School of Law, and is currently a PHD candidate at the Bard Graduate Center.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was an ambitious employment and infrastructure program created by President Roosevelt in 1935, during the bleakest years of the Great Depression. Over its eight years of existence, the WPA put roughly 8.5 million Americans to work. Perhaps best known for its public works projects, the WPA also sponsored projects in the arts – the agency employed tens of thousands of actors, musicians, writers and other artists.

Born Alexander Kiam in Monterrey, Mexico, to Texan parents, Kiam picked up the nickname Omar at Riverview Preparatory School in Poughkeepsie, New New York He later went to the Poughkeepsie Military Academy in New New York His first job as a designer was producing caps for babies for a department store in Houston.

Following a stint in Paris as a student, Kiam returned to the United States and opened his studio in New York, where he produced work for Broadway theatre.

Among the theatre productions he costumed were Dinner at Eight, the Robert East. Sherwood play Reunion in Vienna, and the Edward Sheldon and Margaret Ayer Barnes play Dishonored Lady. In 1933 he moved to Hollywood, where he headed the film costume design departments for Sam Goldwyn Productions and United Artists.

Before leaving Hollywood in 1939, Kiam also worked for David O. Selznick and Hal Roach. One of Kiam"s most notable films was the 1937 film A Star is Born, for which he dressed Janet Gaynor.

He collaborated with Irene on Algiers.

Filmography Although primarily known as a costume designer Kiam had also run a wholesale fashion design business supplying clothing to shops across the United States before he moved to Hollywood. After leaving Hollywood, in 1941 Kiam became head designer for the Ben Reig fashion label, a company founded in 1929. Also designing costume jewelry for them from 1948, he worked there until his death in 1954.

During the early 1950s Liz Claiborne worked for Kiam.

Kiam died 28 March 1954 at the Ritz Tower Hotel in New New York

Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in New York City. The church, on Fifth Avenue at 7 West 55th Street in Midtown Manhattan, has approximately 2,200 members and is one of the larger PCUSA congregations. The church, founded in 1808 as the Cedar Street Presbyterian Church, has been at this site since 1875.

Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church has long been noted for its high standards in preaching and music and has been at the forefront of many movements, from the development of the Sunday school in the 19th century to its current leadership in homeless advocacy. In 2001, the church successfully sued the City of New York for the right to shelter homeless individuals on its front steps.

In 1884, the joint funerals of the mother of President Theodore Roosevelt and of his first wife, Alice, were held here. In 1910, the church's historic sanctuary was the site of the wedding of TR's son, Theodore Roosevelt Jr., an event attended by the former President, and 500 of his former Rough Riders. It was also the site of the 1965 recording of A Concert of Sacred Music by Duke Ellington and his orchestra, broadcast nationally by CBS television in 1966,[7] and of dance legend Frankie Manning's "rollicking three-hour memorial service" in 2009.

Architecturally and historically, “Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church is famed for its sloping auditorium, its fine acoustics, its old gas brackets and reflectors. Instrumental in founding Princeton Theological Seminary, Presbyterian Hospital (now New York Presbyterian Hospital) and many a mission church, this grand house of God is often called the Cathedral of Presbyterianism.”

The Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine, the mother church of the Episcopal Diocese of New York and the Seat of its Bishop, is chartered as a house of prayer for all people and a unifying center of intellectual light and leadership. It serves the many diverse people of our Diocese, City, Nation and World through an array of liturgical, cultural and civic events; pastoral, educational and community outreach activities; and maintains the preservation of the great architectural and historic site that is its legacy.

People from many faiths and communities worship together in services held more than 30 times a week; the soup kitchen serves roughly 25,000 meals annually; social service outreach has an increasingly varied roster of programs; the distinguished Cathedral School prepares young students to be future leaders; Advancing the Community of Tomorrow, the renowned preschool, afterschool and summer program, offers diverse educational and nurturing experiences; the outstanding Textile Conservation Lab preserves world treasures; concerts, exhibitions, performances and civic gatherings allow conversation, celebration, reflection and remembrance—such is the joyfully busy life of this beloved and venerated Cathedral.

The Morosco Theatre was built in 1917 during one of Times Square’s most prosperous eras. In the early 20th century, Times Square was deemed the “most densely populated place in the world at night,” boasting over six million visitors a week. Herbert J. Krapp designed the Morosco for the Shubert brothers, two of Broadways most powerful magnates. With 905 seats, the Morosco was appreciated for its intimate scale and perfect acoustics, an ideal setting for any spoken word drama.4 Upon the theatre’s opening on February 5, 1917, The New York Times described the interior as “comfortable” with an “attractive color scheme of gray and purple greeted its first audience after they had passed through the lobby.”

The Hotel Chelsea is a hotel in Manhattan, New York City, built between 1883 and 1885. The hotel is located at 222 West 23rd Street, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, in the neighborhood of Chelsea.

It has been the home of numerous writers, musicians, artists and actors. Though the Chelsea no longer accepts new long-term residents, the building is still home to many who lived there before the change in policy. Arthur C. Clarke wrote 2001: A Space Odyssey while staying at the Chelsea, and poets Allen Ginsberg and Gregory Corso chose it as a place for philosophical and artistic exchange. It is also known as the place where the writer Dylan Thomas was staying in room 205 when he became ill and died several days later, and where Nancy Spungen, girlfriend of Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols, was found stabbed to death. Arthur Miller wrote a short piece, "The Chelsea Affect", describing life at the Chelsea Hotel in the early 1960s.

The building has been a designated New York City landmark since 1966,[6] and on the National Register of Historic Places since 1977.[1][7]

Woodward & Lothrop was a department store chain headquartered in Washington, D.C. that began as the capital's first department store in 1887. Woodies, as it was often nicknamed, maintained stores in the Mid-Atlantic United States

Walmart, in full Walmart, Inc., formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., American operator of discount stores that was one of the world’s biggest retailers and among the world’s largest corporations. Company headquarters are in Bentonville, Arkansas.

W. T. Grant or Grants was a United States-based chain of mass-merchandise stores founded by William Thomas Grant that operated from 1906 until 1976. The stores were generally of the variety store format located in downtowns.

John Wanamaker Department Store was one of the first department stores in the United States. Founded by John Wanamaker in Philadelphia, it was influential in the development of the retail industry including as the first store to use price tags. At its zenith in the early 20th century, Wanamaker's also had a store in New York City at Broadway and Ninth Street. Both employed extremely large staffs. By the end of the 20th century, there were 16 Wanamaker's outlets, but after years of change the chain was bought by Albert Taubman, and added to his previous purchase of Woodward & Lothrop, the Washington, D.C., department store. In 1994, Woodies, as it was known, filed for bankruptcy. The assets of Woodies were purchased by the May Company Department Stores and JCPenney. In 1995, Wanamaker's transitioned to Hecht's, one of the May Company brands. In 2006, Macy's Center City became the occupant of the former Philadelphia Wanamaker's Department Store, which is now a National Historic Landmark.

Sakowitz was a chain of family-owned department stores based in Houston, Texas, United States. The store was founded by two brothers, Tobias and Simon Sakowitz, in Galveston, Texas in 1902.

Saks Fifth Avenue was the brainchild of Horace Saks and Bernard Gimbel, who operated independent retail stores on New York's 34th Street at Herald Square in the early 1900s. Their dream was to construct a unique specialty store that would become synonymous with fashionable, gracious living. The combined financial input of these great merchant families led to the purchase of a site between 49th and 50th Streets on upper Fifth Avenue, then jointly occupied by the Democratic Club and the Buckingham Hotel. With the opening of its founders' "dream store" on September 15, 1924, Saks Fifth Avenue became the first large retail operation to locate in what was then primarily a residential district. By offering the finest quality men's and women's fashions, as well as an extraordinary program of customer services, Saks Fifth Avenue has become the byword for taste and elegance.

The merging of the Saks and Gimbel families resulted in more than just the construction of Saks Fifth Avenue. 30-year-old Adam Gimbel (Bernard's cousin) became Horace Saks' assistant. With the sudden death of Horace Saks in 1926, Adam Gimbel became President of Saks Fifth Avenue, bringing with him the imaginative foresight that has carried Saks Fifth Avenue to the zenith of its success.

Adam Gimbel also established a Saks empire, with branch stores reaching from coast to coast. When he retired in 1969, he was a legend in his own time. Adam Gimbel's first action was to redecorate the entire flagship store in the opulent Art Moderne style from the 1925 Paris Exposition, creating a series of specialty shops within the grand luxury of Saks Fifth Avenue. His intuitive perception was demonstrated as Adam traveled all over the world in search of those items that would set Saks Fifth Avenue eminently above other specialty stores.

Between 1972 and 1989, 20 new stores opened throughout the country, many in Texas and the Midwest, and eight stores were replaced by newer ones in the same markets. A renovation of the New York flagship began in 1978, with the installation of an escalator service in 1979 and the construction of a 36-floor office and retail complex directly behind the store, which was completed in spring 1990. Saks' portion of this tower resulted in nearly 30% more selling space for the New York City store and was built in partnership with the Swiss Bank Corporation.

In 1973, Saks & Company was acquired by BATUS, a subsidiary of B.A.T. Industries PLC through its acquisition of Gimbel Bros., Inc. In July 1990, affiliates of Investcorp S.A. ("Investcorp") and a group of international investors acquired Saks & Company from B.A.T., beginning a new chapter in the life of Saks Fifth Avenue. Philip B. Miller joined Saks Fifth Avenue in 1990 as Vice Chairman of Saks Fifth Avenue and as Director of Saks Holdings, Inc. He was appointed to Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Saks Fifth Avenue in 1993 and at Saks Holdings, Inc., in 1995.

In late 1994, Saks Fifth Avenue undertook a major initiative to intensify its presence on the West Coast by acquiring four former I. Magnin stores in Beverly Hills, Carmel, San Diego and Phoenix. With the August 1995 opening of Saks West in Beverly Hills, Saks Fifth Avenue became Beverly Hills' largest specialty store, with 260,000 combined square feet between the expanded and renovated Saks East and new Saks West, which houses all men's categories, plus women's special sizes (Petite Collections and Salon Z). In August 1997, Saks Fifth Avenue opened a new men's store in San Francisco on Post Street, creating more women's designer selling space in the current San Francisco location. A strategy to intensify Saks Fifth Avenue's presence in Texas began with the relocation of the Houston store to the Galleria on September 11, 1997 and the relocation of the Dallas store within the Dallas Galleria in September 1999.

In 1996, Saks Fifth Avenue attained a long-term goal and became a public company as Saks Holdings, Inc. The initial public offering was completed on May 21, 1996, with 16 million shares outstanding. It traded its shares on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SKS" until September 1998.

On September 17, 1998, Saks Holdings, Inc. and Proffitt's, Inc., a leading regional department store company, completed a merger transaction whereby Saks Fifth Avenue became a division of Proffitt's, Inc. In conjunction with the merger, the corporate name of Proffitt's, Inc. was changed to Saks Incorporated and the stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SKS" on September 18.

In the summer of 2000, Saks Fifth Avenue launched saks.com, offering in-store categories, as well as exclusive products and content.

On November 4, 2013, Saks Incorporated was acquired by HBC, a holding company of portfolio businesses that operate at the intersection of retail and real estate.

Nordstrom, Inc. is an American luxury department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original Wallin & Nordstrom store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second Nordstrom's shoe store opened in 1923.

Mervyn's was an American middle-scale department store chain based in Hayward, California, and founded by Mervin G. Morris. It carried national brands of clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelry, beauty products, electronics, and housewares.

The New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute was established in 1953, having formerly been the State Village for Epileptics. In 1983, it became North Princeton Developmental Center.

Virginia Commonwealth University is a public research university in Richmond, Virginia. VCU was founded in 1838 as the medical department of Hampden–Sydney College, becoming the Medical College of Virginia in 1854.

The National Museum of American History opened to the public in January 1964 as the Museum of History and Technology. It was the sixth Smithsonian building on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Since then, some 4 million visitors a year have passed through the doors to enjoy the museum’s exhibitions, public programs, educational activities, collections, and research facilities. Millions more make virtual visits to the museum’s website.

On June 28, 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill authorizing $36 million for the museum. Groundbreaking took place on August 22, 1958. The architects were McKim, Mead and White (succeeded in 1961 by Steinman, Cain and White). Mills, Petticord and Mills were associate and supervising architects and engineers. The museum’s area is approximately 750,000 square feet, including a basement, three main exhibition levels, two office-collection levels, and a mechanical penthouse on the roof.

The building’s location on the National Mall qualifies it as a National Historic Landmark. Its status as one of the last structures designed by the renowned architectural firm of McKim, Mead and White, along with its location, makes it eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1980, the museum’s name was changed to the National Museum of American History to better represent its basic mission—the collection, care, and study of objects that reflect the experience of the American people.

In 2008, the museum completed a two-year, $85 million renovation of the building’s center core, dramatically transforming the building’s architectural appeal while reorganizing and renewing the presentation of its extensive collections. The renovation project focused on three areas: architectural enhancements to the center core, including a grand staircase and a skylight; construction of a new Star-Spangled Banner gallery, and updates to the 44-year-old building’s infrastructure.

Currently, the transformation of the museum is continuing with a major project to renew the building’s 120,000-square-foot west exhibition wing.

Thierry Hermès founded the company in 1837 as a harness workshop in Paris. Originally, his intent was to serve the needs of European noblemen by providing saddles, bridles and other leather riding gear. In the early 20th century, Thierry’s son Charles-Émile Hermès moved the company’s shop to 24 Rue Du Faubourg Saint-Honore in Paris, where it remains to this very day and is the company’s global headquarters.

Gradually, the company’s product offerings expanded through generations. Between 1880 and 1900, it started selling saddlery and introduced its product in retail stores. In 1900, the company started selling the “Haut à Courroies” bag, which was meant for riders to carry their saddles in it. In 1918, Hermès introduced the first leather golf jacket with zipper, made for the then Prince of Wales. In the 1920s, accessories and clothing were introduced into the portfolio. In 1922, the first leather handbags entered the product line. The brand’s travel bags introduced in 1925 were a global success. In the 1930s, Hermès introduced products that have now entered the annals of fashion as icons – the leather Sac à dépêches (renamed as the “Kelly bag” after Grace Kelly) in 1935 and the Hermès carrés (scarves) in 1937. In 1949, the first Hermès silk tie and the first perfume ‘Eau d’ Hermès’ were introduced.

In the 1930s, the company entered the United States with an initial tie-up with the Neiman Marcus department store in New York.

The company’s iconic duc-carriage-with-horse logo and signature orange boxes were introduced in the 1950s. In the 1970s, the company established a watch subsidiary La Montre Hermès in Bienne, Switzerland. The company acquired tableware manufacturers like Puiforcat, Saint Louis and Perigord in the 1980s and consolidated its position in these segments of the luxury market.

The eye of the ultra-premium luxury segment, the “Birkin bag” was introduced in 1984, after a chance conversation between the then CEO Jean-Louis Dumas and actress and singer Jane Birkin on a flight from Paris to London, who articulated to Dumas that she needed a medium-sized bag. Each Birkin costs between USD 12,000 to USD 300,000 and is the exquisite handiwork of a single craftsman, who takes between 18 to 25 hours to complete the job via hand, more if the hide is a delicate crocodile skin. In 2014, an extremely rare Himalayan Nilo crocodile Birkin bag sold for USD 185,000, becoming the second most expensive bag to be sold at auction. Hermès is infamously known to burn imperfect Birkins, showcasing its dedication to the finest quality.

In 1993, the company went public on the Paris Bourse, which for various reasons was considered a strategic move with its own set of weaknesses. Throughout the late 1990s, Hermès extensively followed a strategy of reducing franchise stores, by buying them up, closing quite a significant many and by opening more company-operated stores. As of 2019, Hermès operates 311 stores globally, out of which 223 were directly owned and operated by the company.

In 1976, Hermès entered into an arrangement with British luxury shoemaker John Lobb, wherein it was allowed to use its name in return for extending the distribution reach of the brand. In 1999, in one of its first non-brand moves, Hermès bought a 35 percent stake in the Jean-Paul Gaultier fashion house.

Today, the brand operates 311 stores globally across the U.S., Russia and Asia and has over 15,000 employees. It is one of the largest and most admired luxury makers in the world with revenues of over USD 8.3 billion and profits of over USD 1.8 billion as at 2019. The stellar performance of the brand throughout its 183-year history is largely credited to its drive for strategic consistency, combining excellent creativity with craftsmanship as well as an unrelenting focus on the long-term against short-term benefits.

Fiorucci was initially launched in Milan back in 1967 by Elio Fiorucci, the son of a shoe shop owner who felt inspired when returning home from a trip to London's Carnaby Street. After finding fans in the likes of Madonna and Andy Warhol, the label quickly shot to worldwide fame and became the 'It' brand to be seen in. From becoming a pop-culture institution in itself to inventing the first stretch denim, the label's influence cannot be exaggerated. And, 50 years after the first store opened, Fiorucci relaunched on London's Brewer Street in 2017, just a stone's throw from where its founder first found his inspiration.

Carter Hawley Hale Stores was an American retailer based in Southern California. Known through its history as Broadway-Hale Stores and Broadway Stores, over time, it acquired other retail store chains in regions outside California home base, and became in certain retail sectors a regional and national retailer in the 1970s and 1980s. It entered into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1991, and eventually its assets were completely sold off.

Goodfellow Dry Goods - 1902-1903
Dayton Dry Goods Company - 1903-1911
Dayton Company - 1911-1969
Dayton Hudson Company - 1969-2000

Dayton's was an American department store chain founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1902 by George Draper Dayton. In 1969, the Detroit-based J.L. Hudson Company merged with the Dayton Company to form the Dayton-Hudson Corporation, adding 21 Michigan-based stores to the total. In 1990, the department-store division of Dayton–Hudson (now Target Corporation) acquired Chicago-based Marshall Field's. Both Dayton's and Hudson's retained their individual store names until 2001, when they were united under the Marshall Field's nameplate. Prior to changing its name to Marshall Field's, Dayton's stores numbered 19, serving communities throughout the upper Midwest.

Dayton's was the parent of Target, opening the first Target in 1962 as the discount store version of Dayton's. Target eventually grew to become the company's dominant division. In 2000, Dayton–Hudson renamed itself Target Corporation.

Born in 1899, Eddie Bauer grew up living off the land in the Pacific Northwest. After a childhood spent outdoors and six years of experience selling sporting goods at a local store in downtown Seattle, Bauer opened his own retail business at the age of 20. The first sign of his innate marketing talent was his offer of an unconditional money-back guarantee for any equipment he sold, which was well ahead of its time.

He also had a gift for advertising, and he built trust by personifying the brand itself. Bauer made a name for himself in Washington as an accomplished marksman. Along with his wife, Christine Heltborg, whom he wed in 1929, he won state competitions in the individual and couples categories for shooting clay pigeons, all while wearing patches prominently displaying the Eddie Bauer name. The duo’s victories were covered in the Seattle Times and Seattle Post-Intelligencer, spreading his name as he came to inhabit ever-larger retail spaces.

But it wasn’t until a near-fatal outing in 1935 that Bauer began to design the jacket that would make his name known far outside of Seattle. Bauer was returning from a fishing trip in the Olympic Peninsula when freezing rain caught him far from shelter. His clothing soaked and icing over, Bauer began to feel drowsy, the early signs of hypothermia. He fired off three rifle shots to signal a friend hiking far in front of him and then fell asleep against a tree. He wrote later that he would’ve been “a goner if my partner hadn’t come along.”

Remembering a story his uncle told him, in which a down-lined coat saved him from the cold during the Russo-Japanese War, he set to work on a down jacket for the cold of the Pacific Northwest. In 1940, he patented his design for the first Skyliner jacket, which he claims was the first visibly quilted down insulated outdoor apparel garment in the US. According to the patent, for 14 years Bauer held the exclusive rights to produce the diamond pattern of the Skyliner, which he later expanded to 10 other design patterns for quilted clothing, effectively making him the exclusive seller of quilted down jackets until the 1960s. While the iconic pattern ensured that everyone knew it was from Eddie Bauer, the jacket became popular for being lightweight but extremely warm due to its revolutionary use of down.

In 1942, as part of the war effort, Bauer provided thousands of flying suits, and later sleeping bags, for servicemen stationed in Alaska and Europe. Business was booming, but Bauer’s use of expensive, specialized machinery for wartime production, along with re-negotiated contracts for his work, led to a low point for the company, and for Bauer personally. “He was running three shifts a day, seven days a week, so he was physically way over expended, as well as economically,” said Berg. “By the end of the war, even though he made all of these pieces and built a tremendous amount of reputation, the economics turned out that he wasn’t particularly profitable.”

However, these round-the-clock efforts eventually turned Eddie Bauer into a national brand, even if indirectly. GIs returning from the war had experienced firsthand the quality of Eddie Bauer’s products and knew exactly where they were made because of the tag sewn into every garment. The soldiers began writing to Bauer from all over the nation, helping to spur the huge mail-order catalogue business the company became known for. Unlike today’s catalogues, they included a personal, signed letter from Bauer, and the first few pages were written to educate consumers about the benefits of goose down and the ethos of the company.

Up until 1950s, Eddie Bauer was associated with hunters, fishermen and outdoorsmen, but it was time to become “Expedition Outfitters.” A team of eight American mountaineers, three of them from Seattle, came to Eddie in the fall of 1952 with a request for a mountaineering down parka. The best in the world were made in France, and the group wanted an American-made parka for their attempt at the first ascent of K2, the world’s second-tallest mountain. The resulting jacket was named the Kara Koram, after the mountain range, and became known for its life-saving quality after the team failed to reach the top due to disastrous weather but showed great heroism in saving all but one climber’s life, including a save infamously known as “The Belay.” The group and Bauer’s equipment became known worldwide.

The rest of the 1950s were characterized by continued attempts at first ascents, and the Kara Koram was used all over the world. It wasn’t until 1958 that an American team, clad in Eddie Bauer down, made the first ascent of one of the world’s fourteen 8000-meter peaks, Gasherbrum I, and they summited the peak wearing another Bauer innovation: down parkas with ripstop nylon. The material had been used in sleeping bags for 2-3 years and, at the suggestion of the climbing team, Bauer used it as the outer shell of his parka to keep the weight low but maintain durability. This material was then used in the most extreme parka ever made by Bauer, the Mt. Everest Parka, in 1963.

The year 1971 marked a drastic turning point for the company. The same year an Eddie Bauer team summited Everest for the third time, and three years after Eddie retired, the company was sold to General Mills, and it was the beginning of a three-decade-long redirection of the company’s legacy. “By the ’80s the leadership that came in had MBAs, they were trained merchants, not outdoorsmen,” said Berg. “Retail space was starting to move out of downtown shopping districts into suburban malls, where the style of retailer is more homogenous.”

In 1988, Spiegel, Inc. acquired Eddie Bauer and continued the movement to focus on customers who remained indoors. Eddie Bauer no longer sold hunting or fishing equipment. It no longer outfitted mountaineering expeditions. Instead it developed the All Week Long and Eddie Bauer Home lines, abandoning tent sales and the Sports Shop to save retail space. A short bout of success was followed by a decline in sales, and Eddie Bauer was taken over by Eddie Bauer Holdings in 2005. For the first time in 35 years, Eddie Bauer was an independent company. This marked the dawn of a new era, one defined by a movement back to the roots, and a proud representation of the brand’s heritage.

Under new CEO leadership in 2007, Eddie Bauer started a top-secret mission called Project Summit. The company assembled a guide team to help build gear that would be used by world-class climbers, along with novices. In May 2009, accompanied by a film crew, Eddie Bauer’s guide team climbed Mount Everest completely outfitted in the new series, First Ascent, the first public debut of Project Summit and a relaunch of the company as a world-class mountaineering outfitter.

If the response from the outdoor world is any indication, First Ascent proved to be more than just a well-executed marketing stunt. In its first five years, the new gear line won 13 industry best-in-class awards and completed 53 pioneering expeditions strapped onto the backs and hands of world-class guides and explorers. Last year, this magazine included Eddie Bauer’s Sorcerer Pack in our GP100 awards, while Men’s Journal also awarded the pack their 2014 Gear of the Year Award.

Filene's (formally William Filene & Sons Co.) was an American department store chain; it was founded by William Filene in 1881. The success of the original full-line store in Boston, Massachusetts, was supplemented by the foundation of its off-price sister store Filene's Basement in 1908. Filene's, in partnership with Abraham & Straus, Lazarus, and Shillito's, was an original member of the holding company Federated Department Stores upon its establishment in 1929.

Filene's expanded into shopping malls throughout New England and New York in the later half of the twentieth century, and was rivaled by fellow Boston-based department store Jordan Marsh. Federated sold Filene's to The May Department Stores Company, and spun off Filene's Basement into a separate company, in 1988. With this reorganization, the Filene's nameplate replaced the Hartford-based G. Fox & Co. in 1992 and Steiger's in 1994; the store assumed control of the Pittsburgh-based department store chain Kaufmann's in 2002.

May itself was ultimately acquired by Federated in 2005; the Filene's brand was retired and most stores were converted into the Federated-owned, Cincinnati-based Macy's nameplate by September 2006. Federated itself was renamed Macy's, Inc., in 2007.

Founded in 1842 by German Jewish immigrant peddler Adam Gimbel in 1842 in Vincennes, Indiana, by the 1920s Gimbel Brothers was the largest and most profitable department store retailer in America. The Gimbel’s name was known to everyone in New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Milwaukee, as well as millions of visitors to those cities. At its 1940s peak, over 500,000 people attended the Gimbel’s Thanksgiving Parade in Philadelphia, which predated the Thanksgiving Parade in New York, organized by arch-rival Macy’s. Millions more later watched the Gimbel’s and Macy’s parades on network television. Gimbel’s had a starring role in the popular 1947 movie Miracle on 34th Street.

Hammacher, Schlemmer & Co started as a hardware store on New York City in 1848. They published their first catalog in 1881, making it America's oldest running catalog still in print. Their store still operates on Manhattan's Upper East Side.

Harrods is a luxury department store located in the Knightsbridge neighborhood of London.

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a cultural complex on the westside of Manhattan. The buildings, situated around a plaza with a fountain, are the home of the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the New York Philharmonic, the New York City Ballet, and the Juilliard School.

Burdines was an American chain of department stores operating in the state of Florida, headquartered in Miami. The original store opened in Bartow, Florida in the 1890s. Over its nearly 110-year history, Burdines grew into a popular chain of department stores, known as 'The Florida Store,' decorated with palm trees in the center of the store, painted in pink and blue, and other subtropical colors and motifs. In 1956, the stores became a part of Federated Department Stores, Inc. (now Macy's, Inc.) On January 30, 2004, it was renamed Burdines-Macy's, and a year later, on March 6, 2005, the name Burdines was dropped altogether. The majority of the stores were rebranded as Macy's while a handful closed.

Benetton Group is a global fashion brand based in Ponzano Veneto, Italy founded in 1965. Benetton Group has a network of approximately 4,000 stores worldwide.

Charles Haskell Revson was born October 11, 1906 in Boston. In 1932, brothers Charles and Joseph Revson, and chemist Charles Lachman, founded Revlon. An American businessman and philanthropist, Revson believed, "in the factory we make cosmetics; in the store we sell hope."

A strategic and skilled salesman, with an eye for color, Revson invented a revolutionary nail "cream enamel," formulated with pigments in a wide variety of fashion shades, providing superior performance to the transparent, dye-based products of the time.

Revlon began with a single product - in salons, with the belief that women would enjoy a manicure after having their hair done. He developed new colors each season to compliment women's apparel. Soon, Revlon nail enamel was seen on fashionable women's nails everywhere—including on the cover of Vogue.

Within a few years, he expanded his business to drug and department stores and had 21 shades of Cream Nail Enamel in 1938. By 1942, Revlon became a multi-million dollar company and, by the end of World War II, it was one of the U.S.'s top five beauty brands.

Focused on quality and driven by fashion, in 1939, Revson introduced a range of lipsticks to match his Creme Nail polish and advertised the two products together as "Seen on the Fingertips and Lips of the nation's smartest women…" This marked the beginning of his expansion into other beauty product categories.

A strong believer in advertising, and a marketing genius, he developed exotic and romantic names for his products, such as Fire and Ice, Cherries in the Snow, Plum Lightning, Moon Drops, and Ultima II. Revson was a pioneer and by 1956, was the sole advertiser of the hit gameshow The $64,000 Question. Revson was the first brand to sign an ambassador, Lauren Hutton for Ultima II, and brought on Richard Avedon as her exclusive photographer.

By the early 1960s, Revlon had subsidiaries in France, Italy, Argentina, Mexico and Asia and had successfully entered the fragrance market. In 1973, Revlon launched Charlie, a fragrance that personified the independent woman of the 1970s and was an instant global success.

Revson managed Revlon for 50 years. He served as the President of Revlon from 1932 to 1962, and then Chairman, until his death in 1975.

Today, Revlon is sold in 150 countries. Known for his perfectionism, relentless drive and attention to detail, Revson created one of the most globally recognized and enduring beauty brands today.

Helena Rubenstein is a skincare and cosmetics company that was founded by Helena Rubenstein in 1902.

Cosmair started life as a wholesale distributor of L'Oreal hair-care products to American beauty salons. It was founded in 1953 as a joint venture by L'Oreal and Jacques Correze. Cosmair, Inc. manufactures and markets a wide range of cosmetics, hair preparations, and perfumes as the sole United States licensee of France's cosmetic mogul, L'Oréal S.A. It has grown to become a power in the beauty products industry through marketing expertise, research and development, and a vast distribution network. The company's products are widely accepted and can be found in beauty salons, department stores, specialty stores, drug stores, and mass merchandising outlets across the United States.

Chanel Parfums is the perfume arm of Chanel, the French clothing brand founded in 1910 by Coco Chanel. It began in 1921 when Chanel launched her first perfume, Chanel N°5.

Willi Wear was a streetwear label created in 1976 by designer Willi Smith. Willi Smith died in 1987 and the company closed its doors in 1990.

David Chu was born in Taiwan and immigrated to the United States at the age of thirteen. He graduated from the Fashion Institute of Technology with a degree in fashion design. In 1983 he founded Nautica.

Frederick Atkins, Inc. was a retail buying and consulting firm.

Director of the Library at FIT in the 1980s who played an integral role in the development of the institution's oral history collection.

Sally Kirkland was a chronicler of fashion for more than 30 years. From 1947 to 1969 she was the fashion editor of Life magazine, making that general-interest weekly influential in international fashion. She stopped traffic in the Place de la Concorde in Paris to get a fashion picture. A cover photograph of Sybil Connally, the Irish designer, put Ireland on the fashion map. She received the Order of the Star of Solidarity in 1954 from the Italian Government for her reports on Italian clothes. ''I was secretly pleased,'' she told a friend, ''because the medal was green and gold and looked well on an orange evening dress I had to whip up for the affair.'' Along with Grace Kelly and Vera Maxwell, she received a Neiman-Marcus award in 1955 for contributions to fashion.

Kirkland was born in El Reno, Oklahoma in 1912. After graduating from Vassar College in 1934, she worked in the college shop at Lord & Taylor, then the headquarters for the best casual American clothes. In 1939 she became an assistant editor of Vogue magazine, leaving nine years later to become the fashion editor of Life. She was the first fashion editor to do multiple-model sittings, recalls Nancy White, the former fashion editor of Harper's Bazaar. A dozen or more models would stretch across one or two pages for a dazzling presentation that was widely copied. After she left Life magazine, Mrs. Kirkland wrote a book about Claire McCardell, her favorite designer, and contributed articles to the RAM Report, a monthly trade journal.

Kirkland died of emphysema at 77 years of age in 1989.

Originally a Broadway actress, Nancy Davis Reagan served as First Lady from 1981 to 1989. She served alongside her husband, President Ronald Reagan, and is remembered for her passionate advocacy for decreasing drug and alcohol abuse.

Elite Model Management is a chain modeling agency that originated in Paris, France in 1972 with locations in New York, Los Angeles, Miami, London and Toronto.

Jamel Shabazz was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. At the age of fifteen he picked up his first camera and started to document his peers. Inspired by photographers Leonard Freed, James Van Der Zee, and Gordon Parks, he was marveled with their documentation of the African American community. In 1980 as a concerned photographer with a clear vision he embarked on a mission to extensively document various aspects of life in New York City, from youth culture to a wide range of social conditions. Due to its spontaneity and uniqueness, the streets and subway system became backdrops for many of his photographs, which have since been exhibited internationally in museums and galleries.

Shabazz has volunteered with a wide range organizations centered on inspiring young people in the field of photography and social responsibility. In addition, he has been a teaching artist with the Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation, the Bronx Museum’s Teen Council youth program, The International Center of Photography, Friends of the Island Academy, and the Studio Museum in Harlem’s Expanding the Walls Project. He has lectured at the Fashion Institute of Technology, The International Center for Photography, The Brooklyn Historic Foundation, Haverford College and Parsons New School of Design. Shabazz is the author of 5 monographs and has contributed to numerous others.

L.L.Bean is an American, privately held retail company founded in 1912 by Leon Leonwood Bean. The company is headquartered where it was founded, in Freeport, Maine. It specializes in clothing and outdoor recreation equipment.

FAO Schwarz, originally called Toy Bazaar, is the oldest toy store in the United States, first opening its doors in 1862 in Baltimore before moving to New York City, where it has moved between several locations since 1870. It was founded by Frederick Otto August Schwarz. The dance-on piano, made famous by the 1988 Tom Hanks film Big, brought national attention to the brand.

Gap was founded in 1969 by Donald Fisher and Doris F. Fisher and is headquartered in San Francisco, California. The company operates six primary divisions: Gap (the namesake banner), Banana Republic, Old Navy, Intermix, Hill City, and Athleta.

Founded by Herbert Gallen in 1949, Ellen Tracy is a clothing manufacturer selling to the international market. The company has three divisions, the Linda Allard for Ellen Tracy signature collection of career wear, the Ellen Tracy Dresses and Company by Ellen Tracy.

Harve Benard Ltd was founded in 1967. The Company manufactures women's blouses and shirts.

Eagle Clothes was a men's haberdasher.

Sylvia Weinstock was an American baker and cake decorator. She was known for making delicious, multi-tiered wedding cakes decorated with botanically accurate sugar flowers.

Bullock's was a chain of full-line department stores from 1907 through 1995, headquartered in Los Angeles, growing to operate across California, Arizona and Nevada. Bullock's also operated as many as seven more upscale Bullocks Wilshire specialty department stores stores across Southern California. Many former Bullock's locations continue to operate as Macy's.

Founded in 1976 by the late British environmental and human rights campaigner Dame Anita Roddick, The Body Shop started life as a small outfit in Brighton selling just 25 products. Customers were encouraged to recycle packaging (partly because Roddick didn't have enough bottles at first) and there was a real emphasis on natural ingredients that were ethically sourced and cruelty-free. Now the range consists of over 300 products and there are more than 2500 stores worldwide.